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A pregnant woman passes antibodies to her unborn baby through the placenta to protect against certain diseases. How long does this natural immunity last?

Before SurgerySee All
 Types of Surgery for Children in Before Surgery
Surgery doesn't always mean large incisions. Minimally invasive surgery is often used today. This uses small cuts, and allows a child to recover faster and with less pain. ...more
 Methods of Surgery in Before Surgery
A look at how open surgery compares to minimally invasive surgery, including different types of procedures. ...more
 The Hospital Surgical Setting in Before Surgery
Many surgeries performed on children are done as an outpatient. With minor surgeries, your child will return to the outpatient surgery center after spending the needed time in the recovery room. ...more
 Appendectomy for Children in Before Surgery
An appendectomy is surgery to remove a child’s appendix. An appendectomy may be done as an open surgery or as laparoscopic surgery. Read on to learn what to expect before, during, and after the surgery. ...more
A CT abdominal scan is a type of imaging test. It can diagnose abdominal problems in babies and children. ...more
 Types of Surgery for Children in Before Surgery
Surgery doesn't always mean large incisions. Minimally invasive surgery is often used today. This uses small cuts, and allows a child to recover faster and with less pain. ...more
 Methods of Surgery in Before Surgery
A look at how open surgery compares to minimally invasive surgery, including different types of procedures. ...more
 The Hospital Surgical Setting in Before Surgery
Many surgeries performed on children are done as an outpatient. With minor surgeries, your child will return to the outpatient surgery center after spending the needed time in the recovery room. ...more
 Appendectomy for Children in Before Surgery
An appendectomy is surgery to remove a child’s appendix. An appendectomy may be done as an open surgery or as laparoscopic surgery. Read on to learn what to expect before, during, and after the surgery. ...more
A CT abdominal scan is a type of imaging test. It can diagnose abdominal problems in babies and children. ...more
Preoperative ManagementSee All
This is the time to ask questions: What are the expected results? What are the possible risks and complications? How long will the surgery take? ...more
Touring the hospital before surgery can help your child see the sights, sounds, and events they will experience the day of surgery. It is a nonthreatening, often reassuring, way to learn about the hospital. ...more
 Latex Allergy in Preoperative Management
Symptoms of latex allergy include watery or itchy eyes, wheezing, hives, flushing or a skin rash, itching, or swelling. ...more
You will be asked to sign an informed consent form. It states in detail that you understand the risks and benefits of your child's surgery. ...more
This is the time to ask questions: What are the expected results? What are the possible risks and complications? How long will the surgery take? ...more
Touring the hospital before surgery can help your child see the sights, sounds, and events they will experience the day of surgery. It is a nonthreatening, often reassuring, way to learn about the hospital. ...more
 Latex Allergy in Preoperative Management
Symptoms of latex allergy include watery or itchy eyes, wheezing, hives, flushing or a skin rash, itching, or swelling. ...more
You will be asked to sign an informed consent form. It states in detail that you understand the risks and benefits of your child's surgery. ...more
Preparing a Child for SurgerySee All
It's important to keep your baby's routine the same before the day of surgery. Make sure you, your baby, and your family are well rested. ...more
Read books to your toddler about going to the hospital. Keep any explanations simple and be careful of the words you use. ...more
One of the major fears preschoolers have is fear of the unknown. Tell your child about the surgery several days before the procedure and perhaps even visit the hospital for a tour. ...more
Have your child explain back to you what is going to happen in the hospital. School-aged children sometimes will listen carefully, but not understand all that was said. ...more
Allow your teen to be part of the decision-making process. Encourage them to make a list of questions to ask the healthcare providers. ...more
When your child goes to the hospital, brothers and sisters may feel afraid, worried, or confused. They're often afraid simply because they don't know what to expect, and they may imagine the worst. Here's what you can do to help. ...more
If your baby needs surgery, you may feel helpless. But there's something you can do to make this experience a little less stressful: breastfeed. Read on for helpful tips. ...more
Talk with your baby's healthcare provider about being present as much as possible for the test or procedure. Child development experts say it's best to keep to a minimum the amount of time your child is separated from you at this age. ...more
It's important to keep your baby's routine the same before the day of surgery. Make sure you, your baby, and your family are well rested. ...more
Read books to your toddler about going to the hospital. Keep any explanations simple and be careful of the words you use. ...more
One of the major fears preschoolers have is fear of the unknown. Tell your child about the surgery several days before the procedure and perhaps even visit the hospital for a tour. ...more
Have your child explain back to you what is going to happen in the hospital. School-aged children sometimes will listen carefully, but not understand all that was said. ...more
Allow your teen to be part of the decision-making process. Encourage them to make a list of questions to ask the healthcare providers. ...more
When your child goes to the hospital, brothers and sisters may feel afraid, worried, or confused. They're often afraid simply because they don't know what to expect, and they may imagine the worst. Here's what you can do to help. ...more
If your baby needs surgery, you may feel helpless. But there's something you can do to make this experience a little less stressful: breastfeed. Read on for helpful tips. ...more
Talk with your baby's healthcare provider about being present as much as possible for the test or procedure. Child development experts say it's best to keep to a minimum the amount of time your child is separated from you at this age. ...more
More
Surgery and Intraoperative CareSee All
Read on for helpful information about what to expect before and after your child's surgery. ...more
Your child will need to know that people in the operating room will be wearing surgical clothes to help prevent germs from infecting the surgical incision. ...more
Most surgical teams include a surgeon, an anesthesiologist, a nurse anesthetist, and an operating room nurse. The number of team members differs depending on the type of surgery performed. ...more
During surgery, your child will be given some form of anesthesia - medicine given to relieve pain and sensation. ...more
Read on for helpful information about what to expect before and after your child's surgery. ...more
Your child will need to know that people in the operating room will be wearing surgical clothes to help prevent germs from infecting the surgical incision. ...more
Most surgical teams include a surgeon, an anesthesiologist, a nurse anesthetist, and an operating room nurse. The number of team members differs depending on the type of surgery performed. ...more
During surgery, your child will be given some form of anesthesia - medicine given to relieve pain and sensation. ...more
Types of SurgerySee All
 Hypospadias in Children in Types of Surgery
Hypospadias is a problem where the opening of the urethra is not at the tip of the penis. With hypospadias, the end of the tube is lower down on the underside of the penis. Or it may be in the scrotum. ...more
A tonsillectomy may be recommended if your child has throat infections that keep coming back. Adenoidectomy is recommended if your child has a lot of trouble breathing through the nose. Often the tonsils and adenoids are removed at the same time. ...more
Endoscopic sinus surgery is a procedure to open the passages of the nose and sinuses. It is done to treat long-term (chronic) sinus infections. An ear, nose, and throat specialist (ENT) does the surgery. ...more
 Appendicitis in Types of Surgery
Appendicitis is a medical emergency that happens when your appendix becomes sore, swollen, and diseased. ...more
 Inguinal Hernia in Children in Types of Surgery
A hernia occurs when a part of the intestine pushes through a weakness in the belly (abdominal) muscles. A hernia in the groin area is called an inguinal hernia. ...more
 Appendectomy for Children in Types of Surgery
An appendectomy is surgery to remove a child’s appendix. An appendectomy may be done as an open surgery or as laparoscopic surgery. Read on to learn what to expect before, during, and after the surgery. ...more
 Cecostomy for Children in Types of Surgery
Cecostomy is surgery to clear a child's bowels of feces when other treatment has not worked. It is used for children with fecal incontinence caused by major health problems. ...more
 PEG Tube Placement in Types of Surgery
A percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) tube is a feeding tube surgically placed through your belly (abdomen) into your stomach. ...more
 Hypospadias in Children in Types of Surgery
Hypospadias is a problem where the opening of the urethra is not at the tip of the penis. With hypospadias, the end of the tube is lower down on the underside of the penis. Or it may be in the scrotum. ...more
A tonsillectomy may be recommended if your child has throat infections that keep coming back. Adenoidectomy is recommended if your child has a lot of trouble breathing through the nose. Often the tonsils and adenoids are removed at the same time. ...more
Endoscopic sinus surgery is a procedure to open the passages of the nose and sinuses. It is done to treat long-term (chronic) sinus infections. An ear, nose, and throat specialist (ENT) does the surgery. ...more
 Appendicitis in Types of Surgery
Appendicitis is a medical emergency that happens when your appendix becomes sore, swollen, and diseased. ...more
 Inguinal Hernia in Children in Types of Surgery
A hernia occurs when a part of the intestine pushes through a weakness in the belly (abdominal) muscles. A hernia in the groin area is called an inguinal hernia. ...more
 Appendectomy for Children in Types of Surgery
An appendectomy is surgery to remove a child’s appendix. An appendectomy may be done as an open surgery or as laparoscopic surgery. Read on to learn what to expect before, during, and after the surgery. ...more
 Cecostomy for Children in Types of Surgery
Cecostomy is surgery to clear a child's bowels of feces when other treatment has not worked. It is used for children with fecal incontinence caused by major health problems. ...more
 PEG Tube Placement in Types of Surgery
A percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) tube is a feeding tube surgically placed through your belly (abdomen) into your stomach. ...more
More
Post-operative CareSee All
Once surgery is done, your child will be brought to the recovery room, also called the post-anesthesia care unit (PACU). ...more
 Intensive Care in Post-operative Care
Intensive care is needed for children who have had certain types of major surgery: heart operations, organ transplants, or neurosurgery. ...more
Common discomforts after surgery include nausea and vomiting, soreness in the throat, and restlessness or sleeplessness. ...more
If your child has moderate to severe pain, they may receive narcotics during and after surgery. If your child is in the ICU after surgery, they may receive sedatives along with pain medicines. ...more
Play therapy is used to help children understand and cope with illness, surgery, hospitalization, treatments, and procedures. ...more
 Discharge from the Hospital in Post-operative Care
Learn what you can expect about hospital discharge after your child has minor surgery....more
A medical error can occur when something that was planned for medical care doesn't work, or when the wrong plan was used in the first place. ...more
Once surgery is done, your child will be brought to the recovery room, also called the post-anesthesia care unit (PACU). ...more
 Intensive Care in Post-operative Care
Intensive care is needed for children who have had certain types of major surgery: heart operations, organ transplants, or neurosurgery. ...more
Common discomforts after surgery include nausea and vomiting, soreness in the throat, and restlessness or sleeplessness. ...more
If your child has moderate to severe pain, they may receive narcotics during and after surgery. If your child is in the ICU after surgery, they may receive sedatives along with pain medicines. ...more
Play therapy is used to help children understand and cope with illness, surgery, hospitalization, treatments, and procedures. ...more
 Discharge from the Hospital in Post-operative Care
Learn what you can expect about hospital discharge after your child has minor surgery....more
A medical error can occur when something that was planned for medical care doesn't work, or when the wrong plan was used in the first place. ...more